Bacillus thuringiensis crystal (Cry) proteins are specifically toxic to the insect orders Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and Diptera, and also to nematodes. In the IROAST Research Cluster "Control of plant-parasitic nematodes", we are going to develop and validate new methods of plant-parasitic nematode control using Cry proteins. Cry proteins will be expressed in specific cells of the root at a particular time during nematode infection to investigate the effective expression of Cry proteins in plants. In addition, we will visualize the Cry toxicity pathway from plant cells to nematodes.